STARTUP ROUTER

Le fasi di startup di un router Cisco, e nello specifico del Cisco 827 si possono riassumere in questi tre passi:

L'operazione di boot dalla Rom è analoga a molti elaboratori ed esegue le diagnostiche di base che, in caso di successo, danno l'avvio al caricamento del sistema operativo.
La fase di caricamento dell'IOS è normalmente effettuata con un ricerca nella FLASH memory ma può essere anche configurata diversamente.
Per default un router Cisco esegue queste priorità di ricerca per caricare l'immagine dell'IOS se nulla è stato configurato a livello di boot system configuration: FLASH, TFTP Server, ROM.
In pratica, agendo sul comando "Router#(config) boot system" si può indicare l'esatta posizione da cui attingere per il caricamento dell'IOS.
Una volta caricato il sistema operativo esso individua i componenti hardware testati dall'operazione di boot e li visualizza a terminale.
A questo punto viene caricato il file di configurazione che si trova nella NVRAM. Nel caso non venga trovata un installazione valida, il sistema operativo avvia una procedura interattiva di configurazione basata su domande e risposte (setup dialog).

Se tutto è andato a buon fine abbiamo la possibilità di visualizzare la configurazione presente in memora RAM:
Router# show running-config o Router# write term

e quella salvata in NVRAM:
Router# show startup-config

nel caso volessimo eliminare la configurazione presente in NVRAM il comando da eseguire è:
Router# erase startup-config o write erase

In ogni caso, se dovessero fallire le configurazioni, se non fossimo sicuri del boot ecc. il router si può riavviare con l'imputazione del comando: reload altrimenti possiamo passare al setup interattivo digitando il comando setup.

 

Collegando il nostro Cisco 827 attraverso il cavo console al PC e utilizzando un programma tipo Hyper Terminal configurato come precedentemente visto, all'avvio del router possiamo avere varie informazioni riguardanti il nostro Cisco 827:

System Bootstrap, Version 12.2(4r)XM2, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Copyright (c) 2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.
C800/SOHO series (Board ID: 9-62) platform with 16384 Kbytes of main memory

program load complete, entry point: 0x80013000, size: 0x3a8cfc

Self decompressing the image : ################################################ ##################################################################### ##################################################################### ##################################################################### ##################################################################### ################################################################ [OK]

Restricted Rights Legend


Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.

cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C820 Software (C820-Y6-M), Version 12.2(2)XK3, EARLY DEPLOYMENT RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Synched to technology version 12.2(2.5)T
TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Fri 10-May-02 18:28 by philuu
Image text-base: 0x80013170, data-base: 0x806429A4

CISCO C827 (MPC855T) processor (revision 0x501) with 15360K/1024K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID JAD04460FWG (3605286623), with hardware revision 0000
CPU rev number 5
Bridging software.
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
1 ATM network interface(s)
128K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
2048K bytes of processor board Web flash (Read/Write)

 

Press RETURN to get started!


00:00:10: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
00:00:11: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
00:00:11: %DIALER-6-BIND: Interface Vi1 bound to profile Di0
00:00:11: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console
00:00:12: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface ATM0, changed state to down
00:00:13: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface ATM0, changed state to down
00:00:16: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C820 Software (C820-Y6-M), Version 12.2(2)XK3, EARLY DEPLOYMENT RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Synched to technology version 12.2(2.5)T
TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Fri 10-May-02 18:28 by philuu
00:00:16: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host Cisco827 is undergoing a cold start
00:00:34: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface ATM0, changed state to up
00:00:35: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface ATM0, changed state to up
00:00:41: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up
00:00:42: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up
Cisco827>

 

Da questa schermata abbiamo informazioni riguardo la versione del Bootstrap del router e il tipo di piattaforma con la relativa memory:

System Bootstrap, Version 12.2(4r)XM2, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Copyright (c) 2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.
C800/SOHO series (Board ID: 9-62) platform with 16384 Kbytes of main memory


Versione e tecnologia di IOS montata:

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C820 Software (C820-Y6-M), Version 12.2(2)XK3, EARLY DEPLOYMENT RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Synched to technology version 12.2(2.5)T
TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Fri 10-May-02 18:28 by philuu
Image text-base: 0x80013170, data-base: 0x806429A4

Modello router e alcune caratteristiche tecniche del prodotto, quali processore, memoria e interfacce:

CISCO C827 (MPC855T) processor (revision 0x501) with 15360K/1024K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID JAD04460FWG (3605286623), with hardware revision 0000
CPU rev number 5
Bridging software.
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
1 ATM network interface(s)
128K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
2048K bytes of processor board Web flash (Read/Write)

Una volta effettuato il caricamento dell'IOS e della configurazione, avviene il cambiamento di stato da down in up delle interfacce:

00:00:10: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
00:00:11: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
00:00:11: %DIALER-6-BIND: Interface Vi1 bound to profile Di0
00:00:11: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console
00:00:12: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface ATM0, changed state to down
00:00:13: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface ATM0, changed state to down
00:00:16: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C820 Software (C820-Y6-M), Version 12.2(2)XK3, EARLY DEPLOYMENT RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Synched to technology version 12.2(2.5)T
TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Fri 10-May-02 18:28 by philuu
00:00:16: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host Cisco827 is undergoing a cold start
00:00:34: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface ATM0, changed state to up
00:00:35: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface ATM0, changed state to up
00:00:41: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up
00:00:42: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up
Cisco827>